Battery formation

Formation, which means conversion, is the process in which the cured green plate is converted into a cooked plate under the action of electric energy.

The cured plate is commonly known as the green plate. The main component of this plate is basic lead sulfate, and there is no substantial positive or negative distinction. Through the chemical conversion process, lead sulfate is converted into lead dioxide and lead, and sulfuric acid is generated at the same time. In this way, the density of the electrolyte increases, the lead paste is gradually converted into active substances, and the battery capacity increases continuously.

The grid also corrodes further, enhancing the conductive interface between the grid and the active material. During charging, it sinks the entire PAM current and conducts it to the corrosion layer, while during discharge it sinks current from the corrosion layer and distributes it throughout the PAM volume.

The reactions that take place during formation are very different from those that take place during charging.

• First of all, in the early stage of battery charging, it is recommended to use high current charging. However, in the early stage of formation, high current charging is not recommended. Due to the small surface area of the grid, a small current should be used at the beginning of the formation.

  
  

• Second, in the first stage of negative plate formation, NAM forms a Pb skeleton structure, while for positive plates, α-PbO₂ skeleton is formed around the positive grid, and then grows into the interior of the plate until all PbO and BS in the cured lead paste are completely reacted until. Afterwards, the oxidation reaction of PbSO₄ inside the plate occurs to generate α-PbO₂, which also promotes the growth of the framework. During the charging of the battery, the PAM and NAM skeleton structures have been formed, and the energy structures of PAM and NAM have also begun to be generated on the skeleton.

• Third, in the second stage of formation of the negative plate, PbSO₄ is reduced to Pb crystal, and the crystal form of Pb is different from the phase form of Pb formed in the first stage of formation. In the positive plate, PbSO4 is oxidized to β-PbO₂. During formation, these reactions occur at the positive and negative plates in an acidic medium, and only these reactions are similar to those that occur during battery charging.